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Iona Yakir
Iona Emmanuilovich Yakir ((ロシア語:Иона Эммануилович Якир); August 3, 1896 – June 12, 1937) was a Red Army commander and one of the world's major military reformers between World War I and World War II. He was an early and major military victim of the Great Purge, alongside Mikhail Tukhachevsky. He was rehabilitated in 1957 by Nikita Khrushchev.
==Early years==
Yakir was born in Kishinev, Bessarabia, Russian Empire, into the prosperous family of a Jewish pharmacist.〔(Five short biographies about Yakir (all in Russian) )〕〔(Yakir's short biography (in Russian) )〕 He graduated from the local secondary school in 1914. Because of governmental restrictions on Jewish access to higher education, Yakir studied abroad at the University of Basel in Switzerland, in the field of chemistry.〔〔 During World War I, he returned to the Russian Empire and worked as a turner in a military factory in Odessa, Ukraine (he was a reservist).〔〔 From 1915 to 1917, he attended the Kharkiv Technological Institute.〔〔 He was affected by the war and became a follower of Vladimir Lenin. In 1917, he returned to Kishinev, and in April became a member of the Bolshevik Party.〔John Erickson, ''The Soviet High Command. A Military-Political History 1918–1941'', page 80.〕 He also became a member of the Bessarabian Governorate's Council, the Governorate's Committee and the Revolutionary Committee.〔〔 From the January of 1918, he took active part in the Bolshevik seizure of power in Bessarabia. When Romania intervened to recapture Bessarabia, Yakir led Bolshevik resistance but his small force was overwhelmed by the regular Romanian army.〔〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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